Published Jun 25, 2024
The Food and Agricultural Organization recognises three Indian regions as Global Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS): Saffron Heritage of Kashmir, Koraput Traditional Agriculture in Odisha, and Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming in Kerala.
Saffron farming has been vital to the local economy in Kashmir since the 5th century B.C. It’s tied to Kashmiri culture, cuisine, and medicine, passed down by women. Challenges like water shortages and market changes threaten its future.
Kuttanad in India cultivates rice below sea level, converting delta swamps into arable land. It includes paddy fields, gardens, and fishing areas. Challenges include pollution and climate risks.
Koraput's traditional farming protects 2,500 plant species, and sacred groves safeguard genetic diversity. Threats like mining emphasise the need for GIAHS recognition to sustain local knowledge and support rural economies.
These ancient farming systems form the basis for current and future agricultural advancements. They showcase diverse cultures, ecosystems, and farming methods preserved uniquely across the world.
Notable agricultural heritages worldwide include Japan's traditional rice terraces, Italy's vineyard landscapes, and China's ancient tea plantations. These sites highlight unique farming practices and cultural significance.