Published Apr 12, 2024
Iraq holds the title of the largest producer of date palm globally. Date palm cultivation is also prominent in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Tunisia, Morocco, Pakistan, Spain, and the USA.
Over 3000 varieties of date palms exist worldwide, but not all are cultivated commercially. Varieties include soft-fleshed types like Halawy and dry/semi-dry varieties like Zahidi for pind khajoor-making.
Date palms can grow in various soils, but they thrive best in sandy loam with good drainage and pH of 8-10. While they tolerate saline and alkaline soil, growth and yield may suffer.
Immediate irrigation after planting is vital. Drought and over-irrigation are harmful. Date palms need steady soil moisture but dislike waterlogging. During monsoons, irrigation isn't needed, but flooded areas must be drained.
Dates are harvested based on growth and ripening stages. Harvesting stages include when still green (Gandora/Kimri), at full size with colour change (Dora/Khalal), tip softening (Dang/Rutab), and fully mature for storage (Pind/Tamar).